Vitalik: AI-assisted formal verification is expected to improve both code efficiency and security

By: rootdata|2026/05/20 04:45:02

Vitalik Buterin published an article discussing the application prospects of Formal Verification in the field of blockchain security.

The article points out that a new paradigm is emerging in Ethereum's cutting-edge research and development, where code is directly written using EVM bytecode, assembly, or Lean, and its correctness is verified using automatically checkable mathematical proofs in Lean. Researcher Yoichi Hirai refers to this paradigm as "the ultimate form of software development."

Vitalik believes that AI-assisted formal verification is expected to enhance both code efficiency and security, particularly suitable for security core modules such as STARK, ZK-EVM, quantum-resistant signatures, and consensus algorithms.

The article also emphasizes that formal verification is not a panacea and may still fail due to issues such as incomplete proof coverage, specification errors, and hardware side channels; in the future, software may differentiate into "security cores" and "non-security edges," with Ethereum becoming one of the important security cores.

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